Meanwhile : An asteroid’s fleeting shadow (KOR)

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Meanwhile : An asteroid’s fleeting shadow (KOR)

 
Moon Hong-kyu
 
The author is a principal researcher at the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. 
 
 
A bright full moon once turned a deep, amber red. In the early hours of Sept. 8 last year, a total lunar eclipse unfolded as Earth’s shadow swallowed the moon whole. The eclipse lasted about an hour and a half over Korea’s night sky. Earth’s shadow was wide enough to cover the moon twice.
 
A total lunar eclipse is underway as Earth’s shadow covers the moon in the sky above Bohyeonsan Observatory in Yeongcheon, North Gyeongsang, on Sept. 8, 2025. The image is a composite of seven photographs taken between 1:26 a.m. and 5:30 a.m. that day to show the progression of the eclipse. [YONHAP]

A total lunar eclipse is underway as Earth’s shadow covers the moon in the sky above Bohyeonsan Observatory in Yeongcheon, North Gyeongsang, on Sept. 8, 2025. The image is a composite of seven photographs taken between 1:26 a.m. and 5:30 a.m. that day to show the progression of the eclipse. [YONHAP]

 
Seven months later, on April 19, the celestial stage shifted from Earth to an asteroid. A dark, coal-like object named Hermione, whose long axis is comparable to the distance between Gwangju and Busan, passed in front of a faint star known only by a numerical designation. Because the asteroid resembles a misshapen potato, the duration of its shadow varied by location. In the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, the star vanished and reappeared for as long as one minute.
 
The phenomenon, known as a stellar occultation, allows scientists to capture a fleeting moment using high-speed digital cameras. Without launching a probe, they can determine the size and outline of a tiny asteroid. It is an unexpected scientific gain. Hermione also has a small moon roughly the size of the distance between Seoul Station and Jamsil Station. Researchers are attempting to trace its orbit as well.
 

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That is far from simple. The moon’s shadow sweeps across a path as long as the distance from Seoul to New York at a speed that outpaces the cooling of a cup of coffee. To capture such a moment, observers rely on GPS signals to measure time down to a few milliseconds.
 
In the early hours of that day, teams from the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, a local government observatory and a youth training center positioned themselves along the southern path of the asteroid’s shadow. Across Japan, Taiwan and China, about 40 observation sites formed a dense east-west line spanning Hainan Province and the Japanese archipelago to capture the shadow of the asteroid’s moon.
 
A three-dimensional model of 121 Hermione that was computed using light curve inversion techniques. [WIKIPEDIA]

A three-dimensional model of 121 Hermione that was computed using light curve inversion techniques. [WIKIPEDIA]

 
Weather conditions, however, did not cooperate. Rain left observers in Korea empty-handed, and western Honshu and Kyushu faced similar conditions. In contrast, Taiwan and eastern Japan enjoyed clear, almost midsummer skies.
 
The multinational effort was also a rehearsal for Japan’s asteroid mission “Density+.” The disappointment was palpable. Researchers now await data from regions where the skies held. Results may not arrive until early summer.
 
 
 
소행성 그림자
문홍규 한국천문연구원 책임연구원
 
휘영청 밝은 보름달이 달군 숯처럼 붉게 그을렸다. 지난해 9월 8일 새벽, 지구 그림자가 달을 통째로 삼킨 개기월식이 펼쳐졌다. 월식은 한 시간 반 남짓 한국 밤하늘을 수놓았다. 지구의 그림자는 달을 두 번 덮을 만큼 넓었다.
 
일곱 달이 지난 이달 19일, 이번에는 소행성이다. 긴 지름이 광주-부산 거리와 맞먹는 ‘허마이오니(Hermione)’라는 석탄처럼 시커먼 천체가, 이름 대신 긴 식별 번호로만 기록된 어느 어두운 항성을 가로질렀다. 감자 같은 모양 때문에 소행성 그림자가 긋고 지나간 시간은 곳에 따라 달랐다. 한반도 남쪽에서 길게는 1분 동안 별이 감쪽같이 지워졌다 살아났다. ‘성식(星蝕)’이다. 초고속 디지털카메라로 찰나를 낚아챈다. 탐사선을 쏘지 않아도 점 같은 작은 소행성의 크기와 윤곽을 잡아낸다. 이만하면 횡재 아닌가. 게다가 이놈은 서울역-잠실역 거리만 한 크기의 달까지 뒀다. 그 궤도까지 파헤칠 참이다. 쉬울 리 없다. 그 달의 그림자는 서울-뉴욕 거리를, 커피가 채 식기도 전에 주파하는 속도로 휩쓸고 지나간다. 순간을 붙잡기 위해 GPS 신호에 맞춰 수 밀리초(1000분의 1초)까지 잰다.
 
이날 새벽, 한국천문연구원과 한 지자체 천문대, 청소년수련원은 소행성 그림자가 지나가는 한반도 남쪽 길목을 지켰다. 일본과 대만, 중국 40여 곳에서는 그 달 그림자를 담기 위해 하이난성과 타이베이, 일본 열도에 걸쳐 횡대로 촘촘하게 진을 쳤다. 한데 날씨가 돕지 않았다. 한국에서는 비 때문에 손에 쥔 게 없고 일본 혼슈 서부, 규슈도 비슷했다.
 
한여름처럼 화창했던 대만과 일본 동부는 달랐다. 일본의 소행성 탐사임무 ‘데스티니 플러스(DESTINY+)’를 위한 예행연습이라 다국적 팀은 아쉬움이 컸다. 소식 없던 곳에서 들려올 반가운 기별을 고대한다. 초여름까지는 기다려야 할 것 같다.


This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.
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