Editorials
Don't sacrifice national interest over CPTPP (KOR)
President Lee should protect farmers while advancing Korea’s long-term trade strategy and avoiding a costly delay in joining the Pacific pact.
The government has been seeking to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) for years but has faced strong opposition from farmers and fishermen. A farmer stages a protest demanding protection of farmers’ livelihoods during a public hearing on the CPTPP at the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in the Government Complex Sejong on March 25, 2022.
NEWS1
President Lee Jae Myung on Tuesday ordered the government to “start discussions again from scratch” on Korea’s possible entry into the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), a multilateral free trade pact involving 12 countries including Japan, Britain and Chile.
The instruction came just a week after Lee appeared to treat membership as a foregone conclusion. On Sept. 29, he wrote on X that FTAs were unavoidable for Korea, an open economy dependent on trade, to expand export markets. Acknowledging opposition from farmers, livestock producers, fishermen and foresters who could suffer losses, he assured them that he understood the strategic importance of their industries.
Lee has now stepped back.
Concerns are growing that the government may sacrifice the national interest to appease farmers, a key support base, after a nationwide farmland survey fueled discontent and contributed to falling approval ratings. With Lee applying the brakes, the government’s original plan to submit an application this year will likely be delayed.
China and Taiwan have already applied for membership, raising concerns that Korea could face disadvantages as a late applicant. Once a leader in pursuing FTAs, Korea increasingly risks becoming a laggard.
Businesses are particularly worried that the CPTPP initiative could again collapse, as an earlier push did in 2021.
As Lee himself said, “most people benefit” from such trade agreements. The economic effects of CPTPP membership bear that out. A recent government analysis estimates that joining would generate an average annual production-inducement effect of 6.3 trillion won ($4.5 billion) to 6.7 trillion won in manufacturing and related upstream and downstream industries over 15 years.
Real gross domestic product is projected to be 0.38 percentage point higher 10 years after accession than if Korea stays outside the pact.
The CPTPP has become even more valuable as Korea struggles amid the U.S.-China tariff conflict. Korea’s trade with CPTPP members last year exceeded its trade with either China or the United States.
There are costs. The tariff elimination rate for agricultural products exceeds 90 percent, compared with rates in the 70-percent range under other FTAs. Agricultural production is consequently projected to decline by an annual average of 710 billion won.
Farmers’ concerns are real and should not be dismissed. But the government can minimize losses and manage conflict through carefully designed compensation and support measures.
Korea cannot afford to abandon a national priority simply to defend presidential approval ratings. The government should protect vulnerable sectors while moving forward with the trade strategy the country’s economic future requires.
대통령의 “CPTPP 원점” 지시…국가 미래는 생각 않나
이재명 대통령이 지난 6일 국무회의에서 일본·영국·칠레 등 12개국이 참여한 다자 자유무역협정(FTA)인 포괄적·점진적 환태평양경제동반자협정(CPTPP) 가입과 관련해 “원점에서 다시 대화를 시작하라”고 지시했다. 지난달 29일 본인 X에 “대한민국은 무역에 의존하는 개방형 통상국가이기 때문에 수출시장 확대를 위해 FTA가 불가피하다”며 “피해를 본 농축수산임산인의 반발이 심하지만 전략안보산업으로서의 중요성을 누구보다 잘 알고 있으니, 걱정 마시라”며 가입을 기정사실화한 지 일주일 만에 스스로 물러선 것이다.
정부의 농지 전수조사 이후 주된 지지층인 농민의 반발이 잦아들지 않고 지지율 하락으로 이어지자 성난 농심(農心)을 달래려고 국익을 포기해 버리는 게 아니냐는 우려가 나온다. 이 대통령이 브레이크를 건 만큼 연내 신청서 제출이라는 당초 정부 계획은 지연될 것으로 예상된다. 중국과 대만이 이미 가입 신청을 한 터라 ‘지각 제출’로 인한 불이익도 우려스럽다. 한때 FTA 선진국이었던 우리나라가 어느새 FTA 후진국으로 뒤처지는 모양새다.
당장 경제계는 2021년에 무산됐던 CPTPP 가입이 이번에도 또 없던 일이 될까 노심초사하고 있다. “(국민) 대부분은 이익을 본다”는 대통령의 표현대로 CPTPP 가입에 따른 경제 효과는 숫자가 말해 준다. 최근 정부 분석에 따르면 CPTPP 가입 시 제조업 전후방 산업에 발생하는 생산 유발 효과는 15년간 연평균 6조3000억~6조7000억원이다. 가입 10년 뒤 실질 국내총생산(GDP)은 미가입 대비 0.38%포인트 높아질 거로 봤다. 미·중 관세전쟁 사이에 끼여 어려움을 겪고 있는 현 상황에서 CPTPP 가치는 더 클 수밖에 없다. 지난해 CPTPP 회원국과의 교역액은 각각 대중·대미 교역액보다 많았다.
다만 농산물 관세 철폐율이 90%대로 70%대인 다른 FTA보다 높아 농업 생산은 연평균 7100억원 감소할 거로 전망된다. 농민 피해가 큰 것은 사실이지만 정교한 대책으로 피해를 최소화하고 갈등을 조정할 수 있다. 대통령 지지율을 방어하자고 국익을 뒤로 물려서는 안 된다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.