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Even Spider-Man needs social support (KOR)

How social support shapes resilience, identity and even a superhero’s ability to endure isolation.

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A Spider-Man figure is displayed at a movie theater in Seoul on the morning of Aug. 23, when “Spider-Man: Brand New Day” (2026) surpassed 8 million admissions in Korea.


Choi Hoon
The author is a professor of psychology at Hallym University.


In the recently released film “Spider-Man: Brand New Day,” Spider-Man is alone. In the previous installment, he erased himself from everyone’s memory to save the world. Even his girlfriend and friends no longer remember him. Thoroughly isolated, he continues protecting the world as the “friendly neighborhood Spider-Man.”

But he begins to falter. Gradually, he loses control of himself. His spider genes run wild, his eyes turn black and he becomes increasingly aggressive. Is a lonely life really that painful even for a superhero?

Social support is one of the most important psychological resources that protect us from stress. Psychologist James Coan proposed social baseline theory, which holds that the human brain regards sharing risks and burdens with people close to us as its default state, rather than facing threats entirely on our own. The presence of trusted others, in this view, changes how the brain assesses the demands placed upon us.

In one study measuring brain activity under the threat of electric shock, activity in regions responding to danger declined when spouses held hands, compared with when participants were alone. The effect was especially pronounced among couples with stronger relationships. Simply having a close person beside us can therefore alter how intensely a threat is experienced.

People close to us also help sustain our sense of self. According to relational self theory in psychology, the self is not formed in isolation but is shaped and affirmed through relationships with others. With friends, we experience ourselves as friends. With a romantic partner, we experience ourselves as someone who loves and is loved. By talking together about the past, we also work out what those experiences meant to us and build the narrative of our lives.

Such relationships do more than provide comfort in difficult moments. They help define the roles through which we understand ourselves, connect present experiences with shared memories and remind us that burdens do not have to be carried alone.

What Spider-Man lost, then, was not simply his friends and girlfriend. He lost the people who remembered who he was, reached out when he was struggling and helped him carry the weight of the world. His superpowers remain intact, but the social foundation that supported him has collapsed.

No matter how strong someone is, no one can live entirely alone. Heroes are no exception. Spider-Man’s powers came from a spider, but the strength that allows him to get back on his feet ultimately comes from other people.



스파이더맨도 사회적 지지가 필요

최훈 한림대 교수

최근 상영 중인 영화 ‘스파이더맨: 브랜드 뉴 데이’에서 스파이더맨은 혼자였다. 그는 전편에서 지구를 지키기 위해 자신을 모든 사람의 기억 속에서 지운다. 연인과 친구도 그를 기억하지 못한다. 그는 이렇게 철저히 고립되어, ‘친절한 이웃 스파이더맨’으로서 지구를 지킨다.

그런데 그가 흔들린다. 점차 자신을 통제하지 못한다. 거미 호르몬이 폭주하면서 눈은 검게 변하고 공격성이 강해진다. 히어로에게도 외로운 삶이란 그렇게 고통인 걸까?

사회적 지지는 스트레스로부터 나를 보호하는 대표적인 심리적 자원이다. 심리학자 제임스 코언은 인간의 뇌가 가까운 사람과 위험과 부담을 함께 나누는 상태를 기본으로 여긴다는 사회적 기준선 이론을 제안했다. 실제로 한 연구에서 전기충격 위협 상황의 뇌 활동을 측정했더니, 혼자 있을 때와 달리 부부가 손을 잡았을 때 위협에 반응하는 뇌 영역의 활동이 감소했는데, 특히 부부관계가 좋을수록 이러한 효과가 크게 나타났다.

가까운 사람은 나의 자아를 지탱해 주는 역할도 한다. 심리학의 관계적 자아 이론에 따르면 자아는 혼자 만들어지는 것이 아니라 사람들과의 관계 속에서 형성되고 확인된다. 친구와 있을 때는 친구로서의 나를, 연인과 함께 있을 때는 사랑하고 사랑받는 사람으로서의 나를 경험한다. 또한 과거를 함께 이야기하면서 그 경험이 나에게 어떤 의미였는지 정리하고, 삶의 이야기를 만들어 간다.

그래서 스파이더맨이 잃은 것은 단순히 친구와 연인이 아니다. 자신이 누구인지 기억해 주고, 힘들 때 손을 내밀며, 세상의 무게를 함께 나누던 사람들이 사라진 것이다. 초능력은 그대로지만, 그를 지탱하던 사회적 기반은 무너졌다.

아무리 강한 사람도 혼자 살아갈 수 없다. 영웅도 마찬가지다. 스파이더맨의 힘은 거미에서 왔지만, 그가 다시 일어설 힘은 결국 사람에게서 온다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.