Editorials
Delaying Pacific trade pact entry puts Korea at risk (KOR)
A government institute warns that delaying membership of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership is eroding Korea's export competitiveness in key regional markets.
Industry and Trade Minister Kim Jung-kwan, right, speaks about the government's next steps regarding accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership during the 273rd Meeting of Ministers on External Economic Affairs at the Government Complex Seoul on Sejong-daero in Jongno District, central Seoul, on Aug. 27.
NEWS1
A government research institute has warned that joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is a matter of economic survival, even as President Lee Jae Myung ordered officials last week to suspend efforts to secure membership this year.
According to a report released Wednesday by the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (KIET), nearly half of Korean exports have lost competitiveness in CPTPP markets since the agreement took effect.
Comparing the periods before implementation (2012–2018) and afterward (2021–2024), the institute found that competitiveness indicators deteriorated for 2,474 of 5,185 Korean export products, or 47.7 percent.
The decline was particularly pronounced in major manufacturing industries, including shipbuilding and automobiles, where Korean companies have fallen behind competitors from CPTPP member countries.
The report urged Korea to regard membership not simply as an opportunity for additional economic gains but as essential to survival in regional markets. That warning deserves serious attention.
The CPTPP is a major free trade agreement involving 12 economies, including Japan, Britain, Mexico, Australia and Canada. Its members account for approximately 14 percent of global gross domestic product and 25 percent of Korea's merchandise trade, a larger share than either China or the United States.
The cost of remaining outside the agreement continues to grow.
Mexico, a CPTPP member, has responded to U.S. trade pressure by imposing tariffs of up to 50 percent on 1,463 strategic products, including automobile components, imported from countries without free trade agreements.
Korean companies consequently face disadvantages against competitors from Japan and other countries enjoying preferential access to Mexico's market.
Meanwhile, the European Union's provisional application in May of its long-negotiated trade agreement with Mercosur, the South American trading bloc, illustrates a broader transformation in international commerce.
As the World Trade Organization struggles to function effectively, regional economic partnerships are filling the vacuum and establishing new trade rules.
Industry and Trade Minister Kim Jung-kwan captured the essential point when he remarked that it would be stranger for a trading nation like Korea not to join the CPTPP.
Former President Roh Moo-hyun once sought to persuade progressive supporters opposing the Korea-U.S. free trade agreement by arguing that none of their earlier warnings about economic openness had subsequently proved true. His example remains relevant as Korea confronts another consequential trade decision.
Admission to the CPTPP requires unanimous approval from existing members. The longer Korea delays, the more countries it may eventually need to persuade. There is no longer time to waste calculating the political advantages and disadvantages for the administration.
국책연도 “CPTPP는 생존의 문제”…늦을수록 한국만 손해
이재명 대통령이 지난주 포괄적·점진적 환태평양경제동반자협정(CPTPP)의 연내 가입 추진을 보류하라고 지시한 가운데, CPTPP가 “생존의 문제”라는 국책 연구원의 보고서가 나왔다. 산업연구원의 어제 보고서에 따르면 한국 수출품의 절반 가까이가 CPTPP 회원국 시장에서 경쟁력이 떨어진 것으로 나타났다. CPTPP 발효 전(2012~2018년)에 비해 발효 후(2021~2024년) 한국 수출품 5185개 중 2474개(47.7%)의 역내 경쟁력 지표가 하락했다. 특히 조선과 자동차 등 한국의 주력 제조업 분야에서 CPTPP 회원국과의 경쟁력이 벌어진 것으로 분석됐다. 보고서가 “CPTPP 가입을 더 이상 ‘추가로 얻는 이익’이 아닌 역내 시장에서의 ‘생존’ 문제로 접근해야 한다”고 밝힌 대목은 곱씹어 볼 필요가 있다.
CPTPP는 일본·영국·멕시코·호주·캐나다 등 12개 중견국이 참여하는 메가 자유무역협정(FTA)이다. 세계 국내총생산(GDP)의 14%를 차지하고 한국 상품교역에서의 비중도 25%로 중국·미국보다 크다. 한국이 CPTPP 밖에 머무르는 비용은 점점 커지고 있다. CPTPP 회원국인 멕시코는 미국의 통상 압력에 대응하며 올해부터 FTA 미체결국의 자동차 부품 등 1463개 전략 품목에 최대 50%의 관세를 부과하고 있다. 한국 기업은 일본 등 멕시코와 FTA를 맺은 나라의 기업보다 불리할 수밖에 없다. 유럽연합(EU)이 25년을 끌어온 남미공동시장(메르코수르)과의 협정을 올 5월부터 잠정 적용하는 것에서 드러나듯 세계무역기구(WTO)가 제 기능을 못 하는 공백을 중규모 경제연합이 파고들며 새로운 통상규범을 만드는 게 새로운 트렌드다. “한국 같은 통상국가가 가입을 안 하는 게 오히려 이상하다”는 김정관 산업통상부 장관의 언급이 핵심을 찔렀다.
노무현 전 대통령은 “진보주의자들이 주로 개방 문제와 관련해 그동안 주장했던 것이 그 이후에 사실로 증명된 것은 하나도 없다”며 한·미 FTA를 반대하던 지지층을 설득했다. CPTPP 신규 가입은 회원국 만장일치로 결정되는 만큼 늦어질수록 설득해야 할 나라만 늘어난다. 더 이상 정권의 득실을 따져 허비할 시간이 없다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.