Editorials
Semiconductor boom, small business gloom (KOR)
While semiconductor-led growth lifts headline indicators, rising costs, weak demand and mounting debt are driving a record number of long-running small businesses, especially restaurants, out of operation.
A restaurant stands vacant on Ewha Womans University Street in Seoul's Seodaemun District on July 6 after recently going out of business. According to National Tax Service statistics released the same day, the number of business closures reached 83.5 percent of new business registrations last year, the highest ratio since 2013, underscoring mounting pressure on Korea's self-employed amid weak domestic demand and persistently high borrowing costs.
NEWS1
Korea's booming semiconductor industry has fueled stronger economic growth, but the lingering effects of high inflation, high interest rates and a weak won continue to weigh heavily on domestic demand. Nowhere is the strain more evident than among self-employed business owners, long-regarded as one of the economy's most vulnerable groups. Even veteran proprietors who have operated neighborhood businesses for decades are increasingly closing their doors.
According to National Tax Service statistics, 1,168,273 new businesses were registered last year, down 4.1 percent from a year earlier and marking the fifth consecutive annual decline. The number of business closures rose to 83.5 percent of new registrations, the highest ratio in 12 years.
Restaurants, one of the country's most representative self-employed sectors, have been hit especially hard. New restaurant registrations fell 13.6 percent from the previous year, the sharpest decline since 2011. Because closures exceeded new openings, the number of active registered restaurants dropped 1.9 percent to 798,969, falling below 800,000 for the first time in years.
The trend is particularly alarming because it is no longer limited to newly-established businesses. A record 41,659 restaurants that had operated for at least five years shut down last year. Another record 2,797 restaurants that had remained in business for more than two decades also closed. Businesses that survived numerous economic crises are now being forced out.
Although Korea's economic growth has rebounded this year, conditions for self-employed workers have improved little. According to the Korean Statistical Information Service, service-sector output rose 4.2 percent during the January-May period. Much of that increase, however, reflected gains in finance and insurance, which expanded 8.7 percent amid a booming stock market. Output in the lodging and restaurant sector increased only 0.9 percent.
The outlook may become even more difficult. Self-employed borrowing has approached 1.1 quadrillion won ($719 billion), while the Bank of Korea has signaled additional interest rate increases. Labor costs are also mounting. Even as many small business owners struggle to cover payroll, labor groups are demanding a 16.3 percent increase in next year's minimum wage to 12,000 won per hour.
As attention focuses on semiconductor exports and improving headline growth, the widening gap between the strongest and weakest parts of the economy is becoming increasingly apparent. The feared K-shaped recovery is turning into reality. The government should adopt more targeted measures to ease the burden of inflation, interest rates and exchange-rate pressures on small business owners and lower-income households, while ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are shared more broadly.
반도체 호황에도 짙어지는 자영업 그늘
반도체의 눈부신 질주에도 내수에 드리운 고물가·고금리·고환율의 ‘3고(高) 그늘’은 여전히 짙다. 내수의 끝단이자 우리 경제의 약한 고리인 자영업이 특히 그렇다. 최근에는 장기간 골목길을 지켜 온 베테랑 자영업자들까지 직격탄을 맞고 가게 문을 닫고 있다.
국세통계에 따르면 지난해 신규 사업자는 전년보다 4.1% 줄어든 116만8273명이다. 5년 연속 감소세다. 신규 사업자 대비 폐업자 비율은 83.5%까지 올라갔다. 12년 만에 가장 높은 수준이다. 특히 대표적 자영업 업종인 음식업의 타격이 크다. 지난해 음식업 신규 창업은 전년보다 13.6% 줄어 2011년 이후 가장 큰 폭으로 감소했다. 폐업이 창업을 웃돌면서 사업자 등록을 한 뒤 영업을 계속하는 가동사업자 수는 전년보다 1.9% 줄어든 79만8969명으로 80만 명 선 아래로 떨어졌다. 특히 5년 이상 존속한 곳의 폐업이 4만1659곳에 달하고, 20년 이상 영업해 온 음식점도 2797곳이 문을 닫아 각각 역대 최대를 기록했다. 숱한 위기를 겪으면서도 가게 문을 열어 왔던 장기 사업자들까지 폐업으로 내몰리고 있는 것이다.
올해 들어 경제성장률은 반등하고 있지만 자영업자들의 사정은 그다지 나아지지 않고 있다. 국가통계포털에 따르면 올 1~5월 서비스업 생산은 4.2%가 늘었다. 하지만 증시 활황에 금융·보험업(8.7%) 등이 덕을 봤을 뿐 숙박·음식업의 생산 증가율은 0.9%에 그쳤다. 고물가·고금리의 파고도 더욱 높아질 전망이다. 자영업자 대출이 1100조원에 육박하는 상황에서 한국은행은 기준금리 인상을 예고한 상태다. 이미 자영업 연체율은 1분기 말 2%대로 오르며 10여 년 만에 가장 높은 수준이다. 자영업자들의 인건비 부담은 한계에 이르고 있건만, 노동계는 내년도 최저임금으로 올해보다 16.3% 오른 시간당 1만2000원을 요구 중이다.
반도체의 활약과 성장률 반등에 시선을 뺏긴 사이 이처럼 우리 경제의 아랫목과 윗목의 온도 차는 벌어지고 있다. 우려했던 ‘K자 양극화’가 현실화하고 있다. 자영업자와 서민에게 집중된 3고의 충격을 완화하고, 성장의 온기가 고루 퍼질 수 있도록 보다 촘촘한 대책을 마련해야 한다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.