Editorials
Hold regulators accountable for reckless leveraged ETF rollout (KOR)
Regulators must disclose who accelerated approval of single-stock leveraged exchange-traded funds after investors lost more than 6 trillion won ($4.54 billion).
Financial Services Commission (FSC) Chairman Lee Eog-weon, right, answers lawmakers' questions during a parliamentary audit by the National Assembly's National Policy Committee on Oct. 22. At left is Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) Gov. Lee Chan-jin.
YONHAP
Financial Services Commission (FSC) Chairman Lee Eog-weon and Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) Gov. Lee Chan-jin apologized again during the National Assembly's comprehensive audit of the National Policy Committee on Thursday, expressing heavy hearts over the single-stock leveraged exchange-traded fund (ETF) debacle.
The products reportedly inflicted losses exceeding 6 trillion won ($4.54 billion) on individual investors within just two and a half months, from May 27 to Aug. 14.
The two regulators responsible for introducing the products belatedly pledged investor protection and acknowledged the need for painful reflection. Yet neither adequately explained how a hastily implemented policy that amplified market volatility and effectively turned stock trading into gambling was approved.
At an earlier parliamentary audit on Monday, Lee Chan-jin admitted that the FSS had accelerated its review to meet the FSC's announced listing schedule. On Thursday, however, he insisted that he could not accept accusations of a rushed review.
He also declined to answer opposition lawmakers asking who had demanded that regulators shorten the review period to meet a predetermined launch date rather than prioritize investor protection.
Lee had previously remarked in June that he should have blocked the introduction even if it meant lying down in protest. Nevertheless, he has consistently avoided explaining why the FSS unusually shortened its review process, potentially compromising its regulatory independence.
Remarkably little is known about how these products were introduced despite the enormous financial damage and resulting erosion of confidence in capital markets.
A presidential office meeting in January reportedly left no minutes. The FSC and FSS have also refused to disclose records of their numerous discussions about the products.
President Lee Jae Myung appeared to distance himself from the controversy, remarking, "Someone must have made the decision."
Who initiated the policy and how it was approved therefore remain unanswered questions.
Meanwhile, the ruling Democratic Party blocked attempts to summon Kim Yong-beom, former presidential chief of staff for policy, as a parliamentary audit witness, despite his leading role in introducing leveraged ETFs. This obstructed even a basic attempt to establish the facts.
Investors undoubtedly bear responsibility for their investment decisions. But that principle cannot absolve regulators of responsibility for introducing products without adequately examining their risks or anticipating the potentially devastating consequences.
The losses amount to trillions of won, while the damage to public confidence in financial oversight could prove even more enduring.
Regulators cannot expect expressions of regret to substitute for accountability. The authorities must disclose the decision-making process, identify who authorized the accelerated approval and establish responsibility for this policy failure.
Such accountability is indispensable.
졸속 ETF로 증시 도박판 만든 책임 반드시 물어야
이억원 금융위원장과 이찬진 금융감독원장이 22일 국회 정무위 종합국감에서 출시 두 달 반(5월 27일~8월 14일) 만에 6조원 넘는 개인투자자 손실을 기록한 단일종목 레버리지 상장지수펀드(ETF) 사태와 관련해 “무거운 마음”이라며 재차 사과했다. 레버리지 ETF 도입 주체인 두 금융당국 수장은 이날 뒤늦게 “투자 보호”(이 위원장)를 약속하고 “뼈저리게 돌이켜보는 자리로 새길 것”(이 원장)이라며 고개를 숙였다. 하지만 변동성 극대화로 증시를 사실상 도박판으로 만들어 투자자 손실을 키운 이 졸속 정책의 도입 과정에 대해선 여전히 모르쇠로 일관했다.
이 원장은 앞서 19일 국감에선 “금융위가 발표한 상장 일정에 맞추기 위해 심사를 빨리한 부분이 있다”고 무리한 속도전을 인정했다. 하지만 이날은 오히려 “졸속 심사를 했다는 부분은 납득하지 못하겠다”고 선을 그었다. 또 “누구 요청이 있었기에 투자자 보호가 아니라 정해진 출시일을 지키기 위해 심사 기간을 단축했느냐”는 야당 의원들의 질문에도 묵묵부답이었다. 그는 일찌감치 지난 6월 “드러누워서라도 막았어야 했다”는 발언을 했는데, 금감원의 독립성을 훼손하면서까지 심사 기간을 이례적으로 단축한 경위만큼은 일관되게 함구해 왔다.
개인투자자 손실을 넘어 자본시장 불신이라는 막대한 피해를 불러온 단일종목 레버리지 ETF의 도입 과정은 이상하리만큼 알려진 게 없다. 이와 관련한 지난 1월 대통령실 간담회는 회의록을 남기지 않았고, 수차례 관련 회의를 한 금융위와 금감원 역시 자료 공개를 거부하고 있다. 심지어 이재명 대통령은 남 일 얘기하듯 “누군가는 결정했겠죠”라고 했다. 도입 주체가 누구이고 어떤 과정을 거쳤는지는 여전히 베일에 싸여 있다. 이런 상황에서 집권당인 더불어민주당은 레버리지 ETF 도입에 주도적 역할을 했던 김용범 전 청와대 정책실장의 국감 증인 채택을 거부해 최소한의 진상 규명 시도마저 막아섰다.
아무리 투자는 개인의 책임이라지만 심각한 후폭풍 고려도, 검증도 없이 졸속으로 도입해 수조원대 피해를 낳은 정책 실패에 대한 책임을 묻지 않고 넘어갈 순 없다. 면피성 사과로 끝날 일이 아니다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.