Margaret Thatcher takes office as British prime minister (KOR)

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Margaret Thatcher takes office as British prime minister (KOR)

 
Roh Jeong-tae
 
The author is a writer and senior fellow at the Institute for Social and Economic Research. 
  
Britain is a constitutional monarchy. Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative Party won 339 seats in the May 3, 1979, general election, defeating Prime Minister James Callaghan’s Labour Party, which secured 268 seats. The victory returned the Conservatives to power.
 
Then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher points skyward as she receives a standing ovation at the Conservative Party Conference in this October 13, 1989, file photo. [REUTERS/YONHAP]

Then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher points skyward as she receives a standing ovation at the Conservative Party Conference in this October 13, 1989, file photo. [REUTERS/YONHAP]

 
The day after the election, Thatcher’s first official engagement was an audience with the monarch. Under British convention, the sovereign formally invites the leader of the majority party to form a government, and that invitation is accepted as a matter of honor. After completing this constitutional process, Thatcher entered Downing Street for the first time as prime minister on May 4, 1979.
 
There was no grand inauguration ceremony, nor a lengthy inaugural address. Instead, a brief exchange with reporters on her way to work, lasting barely a minute, came to be remembered as her first speech.
 
In those remarks, Thatcher invoked the words of Saint Francis of Assisi, urging unity where there is discord, truth where there is error, faith where there is doubt and hope where there is despair. She emphasized national unity and a shared sense of duty.
 
“I would like to say to all the people of Britain, no matter how you voted, that now the election is over, we must work together to serve this country, which we are proud to belong to,” she said.
 
There were clear reasons for such an appeal. Britain was facing stagflation, marked by low growth and high inflation, as well as what was widely described as the “British disease.” Militant trade unions were staging strikes that disrupted industries, while deep social divisions persisted.
 
Just weeks before the election, on March 30 that year, Conservative lawmaker Airey Neave was killed in a car-bomb attack carried out by the Irish National Liberation Army, underscoring the severity of political violence and polarization.
 

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Quoting Neave, Thatcher concluded her brief remarks with a simple line: “Now we have work to do.”
 
Thatcher’s embrace of free market policies and conservative principles remains a subject of enduring debate. Yet she is widely remembered as a decisive leader who mobilized public resolve and pursued structural reforms during a period of crisis.
 
Her early message of unity and responsibility continues to resonate for countries confronting economic uncertainty, geopolitical tensions and demographic challenges today. The experience suggests that political leadership, grounded in clarity and collective purpose, can help societies navigate profound disruptions while maintaining democratic legitimacy and social cohesion in times of deep uncertainty.
 
노정태
작가·경제사회연구원 전문위원 
 
영국은 입헌군주제 국가다. 마거릿 대처가 이끄는 보수당은 1979년 5월 3일 치러진 영국 총선에서 339석을 차지하며 268석을 얻은 제임스 캘러헌의 노동당을 꺾고 여당 자리를 탈환했다. 대처의 다음 날 첫 일정은 여왕 알현이었다. 총선 승리를 이끈 여당 당수에게 군주가 새 내각 구성을 '요청'하면 그것을 명예롭게 수락함으로써 정권이 바뀌는 것이다. 형식적이지만 엄연한 절차를 거쳐 영국 총리의 자리에 오른 대처가 다우닝가 10번지 총리 관저에 첫 출근을 했다. 1979년 5월 4일의 일이었다.
 
거창한 취임식은 없었다. 길고 화려한 취임사 또한 생략되었다. 첫 출근길에 기자들과 주고받은, 고작 1분여에 지나지 않는 짤막한 질의응답이 대처 총리의 첫 연설로 기억되고 있다. 대처는 분열이 있는 곳에 화합을, 오류가 있는 곳에 진실을, 의심이 있는 곳에 믿음을, 절망이 있는 곳에 희망을 설파했던 아시시의 성 프란치스코의 말을 기억하자며, 영국 국민의 통합과 헌신을 강조했다.  
 
"모든 영국 국민 여러분께, 누구에게 투표했건, 이 말씀을 드리고 싶습니다. 이제 선거는 끝났으니, 우리는 우리가 속해 있음을 자랑스럽게 여기는 이 나라를 위해 헌신하고 힘을 보태기 위해 함께 모여 애써야 하겠습니다."
 
이렇게 말할 수밖에 없는 이유가 있었다. 저성장 속에 고물가가 지속하는 스태그플레이션과 소위 ‘영국병’ 속에서도 파업을 벌이며 산업을 마비시키는 강성 노조만이 문제가 아니었다. 총선을 앞둔 3월 30일, 아일랜드 국민해방군(Irish National Liberation Army)의 차량 폭탄 테러로 보수당의 에어리 니브(Airey Neave) 의원이 사망할 만큼 영국은 심각한 분열과 갈등을 겪고 있었다. 대처는 바로 그 리브의 말을 인용하면서 취임 첫 연설을 마무리 지었다. "이제는 해야 할 일이 있습니다."
 
대처의 신자유주의 경제정책과 보수주의는 영원한 논쟁거리다. 그럼에도 대처는 위대한 리더로 기억되고 있다. 위기에 빠진 국가를 위해 국민의 마음을 모아 단호한 구조 개혁을 감행했기 때문이다. 미·중 갈등과 지정학적 격동, 내수 불황과 고령화 등, 수많은 문제에 직면해 있는 우리가 배워야 할 자세다. 


This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.
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