Meanwhile : The psychology of swearing (KOR)

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Meanwhile : The psychology of swearing (KOR)

 


Choi Hoon
 
The author is a professor at Hallym University. 
 
 
 
A recent controversy arose after an athlete appeared to mouth an expletive during a game. The athlete later explained that the remark was not directed at others but at himself and offered an apology. With the rise of live television broadcasts, moments like these have increasingly been captured on camera, but the public reaction has not been especially severe. Self-directed swearing is often interpreted as a sign of competitive drive and is sometimes even described in Korean through playful euphemisms that soften its tone.
 
Rival rallies for and against the impeachment of former President Yoon Suk Yeol take place simultaneously in front of the main gate of Chung-Ang University in Dongjak District, southern Seoul, on March 3, 2025. Members of a civic group supporting the impeachment, left, and those opposing it exchange insults and shout at each other, leading to a physical confrontation. [KIM SUNG-RYONG]

Rival rallies for and against the impeachment of former President Yoon Suk Yeol take place simultaneously in front of the main gate of Chung-Ang University in Dongjak District, southern Seoul, on March 3, 2025. Members of a civic group supporting the impeachment, left, and those opposing it exchange insults and shout at each other, leading to a physical confrontation. [KIM SUNG-RYONG]

 
Swearing can function as a threatening signal when directed at others, but it tends to be interpreted as a way of releasing emotion when aimed inward — and it is. Swearing can help regulate emotions. When events do not unfold as expected and cause frustration, for example, a person can utter an expletive into the air and find a sense of relief.
 
Research suggests that swearing has other positive effects. People often report feeling slightly better when they swear in response to pain, and studies indicate that it can have a mild analgesic effect. By evoking strong emotions, swearing activates the sympathetic nervous system and can dull the perception of pain. One experiment found that participants who used expletives while immersing their hands in ice-cold water were able to endure the discomfort for a longer period. Swearing among close friends can also strengthen social bonds since the act signals familiarity and trust. Some studies have even suggested that people who swear more frequently may score higher on measures of honesty.
 

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Despite these functions, swearing remains a form of verbal aggression that can negatively affect others. Its emotional intensity tends to spread quickly, influencing those nearby. Even when not directed at a specific person, those exposed to swearing can still become uncomfortable or irritated. While it may occasionally appear harmless or even amusing, swearing clearly operates as a source of stress in social interactions.
 
In the age of the internet, anonymity has facilitated the widespread exchange of criticism, mockery and profanity. Those who use such language may feel a temporary release of tension, but the cumulative effect may be to increase stress within society as a whole. It may be worth considering, even briefly, the value of choosing more careful words in daily life.
 
 
 
욕설의 심리학
최훈 한림대 교수
 
얼마 전 한 운동선수의 경기 중 욕설을 하는 것 같은 행위가 논란이 되었다. 해당 선수는 다른 사람을 향한 행동이 아닌 스스로를 탓한 행동이었다고 해명하고 사죄했다. TV 중계가 활성화되면서 이처럼 선수들의 욕설을 하는 듯한 입 모양이 포착되기도 한다. 그런데 이런 행위를 크게 문제 삼는 분위기는 아닌 듯하다. 자신을 자책하는 욕설에 대해서는 승부욕 있는 선수라는 해석이 붙고, ‘식빵을 굽는다’는 뭔가 귀여운 느낌으로 표현되기도 한다.
 
욕설은 상대에 대한 위협 신호이지만, 자신을 향하면 감정 표출로 해석되는 경향이 있다. 실제로 욕설은 정서 조절 기능을 담당한다. 뭔가 일이 뜻대로 풀리지 않아 마음이 답답할 때 허공에 대고 욕설을 내뱉으면 마음이 시원해지는 이유도 이 때문이다.
 
그 외에도 욕설의 긍정적인 기능이 있긴 하다. 아플 때 욕설을 하면 조금 나아지는 듯한 느낌이 드는데, 실제 욕설은 진통 효과가 있다. 욕설은 매우 강력한 정서를 유발하기 때문에 교감신경계를 활성화시켜 통증 지각을 무디게 한다. 한 연구에선 매우 차가운 얼음물에서 욕설을 하면 더 오랜 시간 버틸 수 있다고 했다. 또 가까운 친구 사이의 욕설은 친밀감을 강화시킨다. 욕설을 많이 사용하는 사람이 정직성이 더 높다는 연구도 있다.
 
하지만 욕설은 폭력이고, 주변에 부정적인 영향을 끼친다. 욕설의 강한 정서는 빠르게 주변에 전염된다. 그래서 나에게 하는 욕설이 아니더라도, 욕설을 경험하면 기분이 나빠지는 것이 당연하다. 가끔 긍정적으로 보일지는 모르지만, 타인과 사회에 스트레스를 주는 자극임에는 분명하다.
 
인터넷 시대 익명성 뒤에서 비난과 조롱, 욕설이 오고 간다. 그 욕설을 내뱉는 사람은 스트레스가 풀리겠지만, 그 말들이 이 사회에 스트레스를 주고 있는 것은 아닐까. 오늘은 고운 말만을 쓰는 하루였으면 좋겠다.


This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.
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