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The second battle of Yeonpyeong and an unfinished war (KOR)

A look back at the Second Battle of Yeonpyeong shows how a deadly 2002 clash with North Korea underscores the Korean War’s unresolved legacy.

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National flags and floral tributes are placed at the joint gravesite of the six sailors killed in the Second Battle of Yeonpyeong at Daejeon National Cemetery on June 27, 2024, two days before the battle's 22nd anniversary. The clash erupted on June 29, 2002, when two North Korean patrol boats crossed the Northern Limit Line in the Yellow Sea and launched a surprise attack on the South Korean Navy's PKM-357 patrol boat. Six sailors, including Lt. Cdr. Yoon Young-ha and C.P.O. Han Sang-guk, were killed and 19 others were wounded.

Roh Jeong-tae

The author is a writer and senior fellow at the Institute for Social and Economic Research. 


Every June, the waters off Korea's west coast enter peak blue crab fishing season. North Korean fishing boats often cross the Northern Limit Line (NLL), the de facto maritime boundary between the two Koreas. That was initially believed to be the case on the morning of June 29, 2002. After detecting two North Korean vessels moving south, the Navy dispatched two squadrons of two patrol boats each to intercept them.

The vessels were not fishing boats. They were armed North Korean patrol craft. The South's Squadron 232, consisting of the PKM-357 and the PKM-358, issued warnings and carried out blocking maneuvers, but the North Korean Deungsan Got 684 patrol boat refused to retreat. Following the rules of engagement, the South Korean boats crossed its course to block its advance. Without warning, the North Korean vessel slowed to a stop and, from a distance of about 500 yards, opened fire on the port side of the PKM-357 at 10:25 a.m.

The North Korean side was outnumbered and outgunned. The PKM-357 and PKM-358 immediately returned fire, leaving Deungsan Got 684 unable to fight or steer. After roughly 25 minutes, the damaged vessel was towed away by another North Korean patrol boat. North Korea had effectively sacrificed a ship and dozens of sailors in an apparent attempt to avenge its humiliating defeat in the First Battle of Yeonpyeong on June 15, 1999, when its vessels crossed the NLL and were decisively repelled by the South Korean Navy.

The fighting was devastating. The commander of PKM-357, the late Lt. Cdr. Yoon Young-ha, then a lieutenant, was killed by enemy fire. C.P.O. Cho Cheon-hyung and C.P.O.s Hwang Do-hyun and Seo Hu-won also died while returning fire. C.P.O. Han Sang-guk, then a petty officer first class, who had initially been listed as missing, was later found at sea. Navy medic P.O.2 Park Dong-hyuk died 84 days later after being evacuated to a hospital. Six South Korean service members were killed and 18 were wounded. Most of the crew aboard the Deungsan Got 684 were reportedly killed or injured. South Korea had been ambushed, but it won the battle.

North Korea honored those who fought in the battle as heroes. In Korea, however, some argued that the sinking of the PKM-357 meant defeat or questioned whether the PKM-358 had merely stood by. Such reactions remain difficult to understand. The 1950-53 Korean War ended only with an armistice, not a peace treaty. The war has never formally ended. Every June 29, the same question returns: Are we truly winning?



2002년 제2연평해전

노정태 작가·경제사회연구원 전문위원

서해의 6월은 꽃게잡이 철이다. 북측의 어선단이 종종 북방한계선(NLL)을 넘어온다. 2002년 6월 29일 오전에도 그런 일이 벌어졌다. 북한 배 두 척이 남하하고 있다는 것을 확인한 해군은 네 척의 고속정을 두 척씩 두 편대로 편성해 대응했다.

북한의 배는 어선이 아니었다. 무장한 경비정이었다. 참수리 357정과 358정으로 구성된 232편대는 경고 방송과 시위 기동을 했지만 북한의 등산곶 684정은 물러나지 않았다. 편대는 교전 수칙에 따라 차단 기동을 하여 684정의 진행 방향을 가로질렀는데, 갑자기 속력을 줄이고 정지하면서 500야드(457m) 거리에서 357정의 좌현을 조준 발사하기 시작했다. 오전 10시 25분의 일이었다.

북측은 수적으로 열세일뿐더러 탑재한 무장도 뒤처져 있었다. 357정과 358정이 즉각 대응 사격에 나서자 684정은 곧 전투 및 조타 불능 상태가 되어 25분 만에 북측 경비정에 의해 예인되었다. 1999년 6월 15일, NLL을 침범했다가 우리 해군에 의해 참패를 맛보았던 제1연평해전의 수모를 갚겠다며 배 한 척과 수십 명의 목숨을 내던진 것이다.

서해의 혈투는 참혹했다. 357정 정장 고(故) 윤영하 소령(당시 대위)이 적의 포탄에 쓰러졌고, 조천형 상사, 황도현·서후원 중사도 대응 사격 중 전사했다. 실종되었던 한상국 상사(당시 하사)는 침몰한 357정의 타(舵)를 움켜쥔 채 발견되었고, 의무병 박동혁 병장은 병원에 후송된 뒤 84일 만에 전사했다. 총 6명이 전사하고 18명이 부상을 입었다. 하지만 북한은 684정의 승조원 대부분이 죽거나 부상을 입은 것으로 알려져 있다. 우리는 기습을 당했지만 전투에서 승리한 것이다.

북한은 제2연평해전 참전자를 영웅 대접했다. 반면 한국 사회 일각에서는 배가 침몰당했으니 패배했다는 둥, 358정은 그저 방관하고 있었던 게 아니냐는 둥, 이해할 수 없는 반응이 불거져 나왔다. 대한민국은 북한과 휴전 중이다. 전쟁은 아직 끝나지 않았다. 과연 우리는 이기고 있는 걸까. 6월 29일마다 묻게 되는 질문이다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.