Editorials

Labor Ministry says workplaces are stabilizing as strikes loom (KOR)

More than 100 days after the Yellow Envelope Act took effect, the Labor Ministry says relations are stabilizing while businesses warn legal uncertainty is bringing subcontractor unions closer to strikes.

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Members of the Korean Metal Workers' Union rally in front of Hyundai Motor Group headquarters in Yangjae-dong, southern Seoul, on April 15, calling on the company to engage in direct collective bargaining with subcontractor unions. About 1,000 subcontractor union members attended the demonstration, according to union estimates.

More than 100 days after the revised Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act, commonly known as the "Yellow Envelope Act," took effect, the Ministry of Employment and Labor insists that industrial relations are becoming more stable. According to the ministry, demands by subcontractor unions to negotiate directly with primary contractors are increasing more slowly, while dialogue between contractors and subcontractors is gradually improving.

Business groups, however, argue that the ministry's assessment bears little resemblance to conditions on the ground. Rather than stabilizing, they say, labor disputes are spreading as subcontractor unions move closer to launching strikes against primary contractors.

According to the ministry, 1,161 subcontractor labor unions sought collective bargaining with 439 primary contractors during the law's first 100 days. The number of unions requesting negotiations rose from 363 in March to 405 in April and 428 in May.

The ministry argues that the slowing pace of increase demonstrates that labor relations are gradually stabilizing. It also notes that each primary contractor has received an average of only 2.6 bargaining requests, insisting that fears of a "bargaining tsunami" have not materialized.

Developments at industrial worksites, however, suggest continuing uncertainty. At Hanwha Ocean, a subcontractor union representing cafeteria and facility management workers has conducted a strike authorization vote and filed for labor dispute mediation with the regional labor relations commission.

Meanwhile, the Korean Plant Construction Workers Union has begun holding strike authorization votes across eight regional branches through June 26 to secure bargaining rights with primary contractors. If labor authorities suspend mediation, subcontractor unions would be legally permitted to strike against primary contractors.

Labor authorities have also added to uncertainty by withholding key details from recent rulings.

On June 15, the Ulsan Regional Labor Relations Commission recognized a subcontractor union's demand for direct bargaining with Hyundai Motor. However, it did not disclose which union was granted bargaining rights, what issues qualified for negotiation or how far the primary contractor's bargaining obligations extend.

As a result, companies face uncertainty about whether to accept or reject bargaining requests.

Such confusion was widely predicted before the revised law took effect. Nevertheless, the Labor Ministry's interpretive guidelines remain ambiguous, while labor commission rulings have recognized primary-contractor status in roughly nine out of 10 cases, reinforcing business concerns that the process is tilted against employers.

If the government genuinely seeks stability in industrial relations, it should move beyond self-serving interpretations and provide clear guidelines on how the law will be applied. It should also define more precisely the circumstances under which companies will be recognized as employers with bargaining obligations. Greater legal clarity, rather than optimistic assessments, is essential to reducing uncertainty and preventing further labor conflicts.



‘노봉법 파업’ 현실화하는데…현장 안정되고 있다는 노동부

노란봉투법(개정 노동조합법·노봉법) 시행 100일을 넘긴 가운데 고용노동부는 노동 현장이 “안정화하고 있다”고 주장했다. “진짜 사장 나오라”는 하청의 교섭 요구가 조금씩 줄어드는 추세고, 원·하청 간 대화도 진전되고 있다는 것이다. 하지만 경영계에선 “현실과 동떨어진 인식”이라는 반응이 나온다. 현장이 안정되기는커녕 원청을 상대로 한 하청노조의 파업이 현실화하는 등 갈등이 번지고 있기 때문이다.

노동부에 따르면 노봉법 시행 이후 100일간 총 1161개 하청 노동조합이 439개 원청 사업장을 상대로 교섭을 요구하고 나섰다. 교섭을 요구받은 원청 사업장은 3월 363곳, 4월 405곳, 5월 428곳이다. 노동부는 증가율이 둔화하고 있다는 것을 내세워 상황이 “점차 안정화하고 있다”고 밝혔다. 또 원청 업체 1곳당 하청 교섭 요구가 2.6건이라며 “일각에서 제기한 ‘교섭 쓰나미’는 나타나지 않았다”고 주장했다.

그러나 현장의 갈등과 혼선은 갈수록 커지고 있는 게 현실이다. 당장 한화오션에선 급식·시설관리를 맡은 하청 노조가 파업 찬반투표를 진행하고, 지방노동위원회에 노동쟁의 조정 신청서를 제출했다. 특히 플랜트건설노조는 오는 26일까지 전국 8개 지부에서 원청 교섭 쟁의권 확보를 위한 조합원 찬반투표에 돌입했다. 조정 중지 결정이 내려지면 하청이 원청을 상대로 합법적으로 파업할 길이 열린다.

이런 가운데 노동 당국은 불확실성을 되레 키우고 있다. 울산지방노동위는 지난 15일 현대차에 대한 협력업체 노조의 원청교섭 요구에 ‘인정’ 판결을 내렸다. 하지만 어떤 노조의 교섭권이 인정됐는지, 어떤 교섭 의제가 포함됐는지, 원청의 교섭 의무 범위가 어디까지인지 등 핵심 내용은 공개하지 않았다. 이러니 기업은 교섭에 응하기도, 거부하기도 어려운 상황이다.

이 같은 혼란은 노봉법 시행 당시 예고됐다. 그럼에도 노동부의 해석 지침은 여전히 모호하고, 10곳 중 9곳이 사용자성을 인정받는 등 판정도 ‘기울어진 운동장’이다. 정부가 정말 산업 현장의 안정을 바란다면 아전인수식 해석 대신 지침부터 명확히 하고, 사용자 인정 범위도 확실하게 제시해야 한다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.