Editorials

Korea needs an effective debate on regulating teenagers’ social media use (KOR)

The government is considering child account bans and teen feature limits as it seeks a balanced response to online addiction, cyberbullying and deepfake risks.

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Britain's prime minister Keir Starmer, fifth from left, meets parents involved in the consultation process ahead of a news conference announcing a ban on young teenagers using social media at Downing Street in London on June 15. Starmer is expected to confirm a ban on children under 16 using major social media platforms, as well as other measures, including curfews for older teenagers and stricter regulations on chatbots.

The government has begun considering restrictions on social media use by children under 14, aligning Korea with moves by Australia, Britain and the European Union to address excessive use of digital platforms among young people.

At a policy briefing with President Lee Jae Myung on July 16, Korea Communications Commission Chairman Kim Jong-cheol proposed banning social media accounts for children younger than 14. For users between 14 and 19, the government is considering limits on addictive features such as infinite scrolling, autoplay and recommendation algorithms.

Seoul is taking a more cautious approach than some Western governments. Australia prohibits children under 16 from creating or maintaining social media accounts regardless of parental consent, while Britain plans to introduce similar restrictions next year. In both countries, responsibility falls on platform operators.

Companies are expected to develop systems to prevent children from bypassing the rules with false birth dates, and those that fail to do so may face penalties. The EU, which is preparing regulations that will apply across its 27 member states, has yet to determine an age threshold. Instead of an outright ban, Brussels appears to favor allowing access with parental consent while restricting exposure to addictive features.

Korea’s caution reflects the lingering memory of the controversial “shutdown law.” Introduced in 2011, the measure barred children under 16 from playing online games late at night. It was repealed in 2022 after criticism over its effectiveness, opposition from teenagers and concerns that it harmed the gaming industry.

Kim referred to that experience when he pledged to include young people in the public debate over new regulations. President Lee has also stressed that broad public support will be essential.

Given Korea’s advanced digital infrastructure and the high rate of social media use among teenagers, the government is right to address problems such as smartphone dependency, cyberbullying and deepfake crimes. The challenge is to devise rules that protect young people without unnecessarily restricting their freedom and autonomy.

European policymakers’ decision to extend the discussion to AI companions also deserves attention. Strict social media regulations combined with looser oversight of AI could simply push teenagers toward excessive reliance on AI chatbots instead.

Korea should learn from both the failures of its shutdown law and the experiences of other countries. Through broad public discussion, it must establish standards that safeguard young people’s health while preserving the competitiveness of the country’s digital industries.



청소년 SNS 규제, 공론화 통해 실효적 방안 마련해야

정부가 14세 미만 청소년의 소셜미디어(SNS) 가입 제한 등 규제 검토에 착수했다. 호주·영국·EU가 청소년 SNS 과몰입을 막기 위해 플랫폼 규제를 시행하거나 검토하는 흐름에 한국도 발맞춘 것이다. 김종철 방송미디어통신위원장은 지난 16일 대통령 업무보고에서 14세 미만의 가입을 제한하고, 14세 이상 19세 미만에게는 무한 스크롤, 자동재생, 추천 알고리즘 등 중독성 기능을 제한하는 방안을 추진하겠다고 밝혔다.

다만 한국 정부는 호주·영국보다 조심스럽다. 호주는 부모 동의 상관없이 16세 미만의 SNS 계정 생성·유지를 금지하며, 영국도 유사한 규제를 내년부터 시행할 예정이다. 위반 책임은 플랫폼에 지운다. 플랫폼은 허위 생년월일을 통한 우회를 막을 장치를 마련해야 하고 이를 소홀히 하면 벌금을 문다. 조만간 27개 회원국에 적용할 규제안을 내놓을 예정인 EU는 연령 기준을 아직 확정하지 않았다. 전면 금지보다는 부모 동의 아래 이용을 허용하고 중독성 기능 노출을 제한하는 데 무게를 둔다.

정부가 청소년 규제에 신중했던 배경엔 ‘셧다운제 트라우마’가 있다. 2011년 도입된 16세 미만 심야 인터넷 게임 셧다운제는 청소년 반발과 실효성 논란, 게임산업 위축 비판 속에 2022년 폐지됐다. 김 위원장이 이를 언급하며 사회적 공론 과정에 “청소년도 참여시키겠다”고 한 이유다.

인터넷·IT가 발달한 한국은 청소년의 SNS 접근과 사용이 많고 스마트폰 과의존, 사이버불링, 딥페이크 등의 위험이 커지는 만큼 정부가 규제에 나선 건 옳은 방향이다. 해법은 청소년의 자유와 자율에 대한 존중이란 원칙을 지키면서 규제의 실효를 거두는 데 있다. EU가 ‘AI 동반자’까지 다루는 점도 참고할 만하다. 강한 SNS 규제와 느슨한 AI 규제가 결합하면 청소년이 AI 챗봇에 과몰입하는 풍선효과가 생길 수 있다. 셧다운제 부작용과 해외 시행착오를 살펴 청소년의 건강과 산업 경쟁력을 함께 지키는 한국형 기준을 마련해야 한다.

This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.