Editorials
China’s chip challenge demands a rethink of Korea’s economic policies (KOR)
CXMT’s next-generation memory push and a sharp Kospi sell-off expose risks to Korea’s semiconductor-led economic outlook.
An electronic board at Hana Bank's trading room in Jung District, central Seoul, displays the Kospi index and closing share prices of Samsung Electronics and SK hynix on Oct. 13. The Kospi plunged 348.89 points, or 5.46 percent, from the previous session to close at 6,035.35, while the Kosdaq fell 12.16 points to finish at 837.03.
NEWS1
orea’s stock market, which had rebounded toward the 7,000-point mark amid a semiconductor boom, has plunged again. The Kospi, which closed at 6,035.35 on Tuesday, fell into the 5,000-point range during trading, triggering a sell-side trading curb for the first time in two months.
Concerns that AI-driven semiconductor demand may be peaking, compounded by technological advances in China, have raised doubts about the rally’s sustainability. U.S. chip stocks weakened, while Samsung Electronics and SK hynix plunged 7.39 percent and 10.09 percent, respectively.
The immediate trigger was Chinese chipmaker CXMT, which announced plans to launch server dynamic random-access memory using next-generation 4F2 technology this year.
The architecture reduces memory cell area by 33 percent compared with the prevailing 6F2 design, increasing chip density. Some analysts suggest successful commercialization could put CXMT two to three years ahead of Korean manufacturers.
China’s mass-production capabilities remain unproven, making it premature to declare a technological reversal. Nevertheless, concerns are growing that China could replicate its “lane-changing” strategy, used to catch industry leaders in telecommunications and electric vehicles, in semiconductors.
Against this backdrop, Samsung Electronics memory chip employees earning annual salaries of 100 million won ($75,000) are set to receive performance bonuses approaching 1 billion won. Such generous rewards could become a fleeting memory if Korean companies lose their technological edge.
The government must also reconsider policies built on expectations of a prolonged semiconductor boom.
It raised growth forecasts, expanded spending, proposed a budget exceeding 820 trillion won for next year and established plans for a 160 trillion won fund to prepare for future challenges. Yet expansionary fiscal policies could become unsustainable if semiconductor prosperity fades.
At a Korea Development Institute forum Monday, participants warned that Korea’s industrial competitiveness is already declining outside semiconductors and that the economy could contract around 2030.
The warning suggests that government expectations of additional semiconductor-related tax revenue and surprisingly strong economic growth exceeding 3 percent this year could prove short-lived.
The assumptions underpinning optimistic economic projections are becoming increasingly uncertain. Policymakers must therefore shift toward strengthening fiscal sustainability, while companies accelerate technological innovation to maintain a decisive competitive advantage.
Korea cannot afford to treat the semiconductor boom as a permanent guarantee of prosperity. Its economic resilience depends on stronger competitiveness across industries, disciplined public finances and continued investment in advanced technologies.
The stock market has sounded a warning. The government and businesses must respond promptly rather than assume another rebound will resolve the underlying vulnerabilities.
It is time to reassess priorities, prepare for tougher competition and redouble efforts to secure Korea’s economic future.
중국발 쇼크…반도체 믿고 짠 장밋빛 경제정책 손질해야
반도체 호황이 이어지면서 7000선까지 반등했던 증시가 다시 급락했다. 어제(13일) 6035.35로 마감한 코스피는 장중 5000선으로 추락하며 두 달 만에 매도 사이드카가 발동됐다. 인공지능(AI)이 촉발한 반도체 수요의 정점 통과 우려에 이어 중국의 반도체 기술 추격이 반등세의 지속 가능성에 의문을 던진 것이다. 미국 반도체 기업 주가가 약세로 돌아섰고, 삼성전자와 SK하이닉스도 각각 7.39%, 10.09% 폭락했다.
충격의 방아쇠는 중국 창신메모리(CXMT)가 당겼다. 이 회사는 차세대 포에프스퀘어(4F2) 기술을 적용한 서버용 D램을 연내 출시하겠다고 선언했다. 현재 주류인 6F2 보다 셀 면적을 33% 줄여 집적도를 높이는 구조다. 상용화에 성공하면 국내 반도체 기업보다 2~3년 앞설 수 있다는 관측도 나온다. 중국의 양산 능력이 검증되지 않아 기술 역전을 단정하기는 이르다. 하지만 이동통신·전기차 등에서 ‘차선을 바꿔 선두를 따라잡는다’는 ‘차선 변경’ 전략이 반도체에서도 구현될 수 있다는 우려가 나온다. 이런 엄중한 상황에도 삼성전자 메모리 반도체 분야의 연봉 1억원인 직원은 성과급으로 10억원 가까운 성과급을 받게 됐다. 미래 기술 경쟁력을 잃는다면 이런 돈잔치도 한때의 추억으로 끝날 수 있다.
반도체 특수를 믿고 성장 전망을 높이고 재정 지출을 늘린 정부도 정책 수정이 불가피해졌다. 내년 예산을 820조원대로 늘리고 160조원 규모의 미래대응기금까지 조성했지만, 반도체 호황이 막을 내리면 확장 재정은 지속되기 어렵다. 그제 열린 한국개발연구원(KDI) 포럼에서는 “반도체를 빼면 한국의 산업 경쟁력은 하락세에 접어들었고, 2030년께 한국 경제가 역성장할 수 있다”는 우려가 나왔다. 정부의 ‘반도체 초과 세수’ 활용 고민이나 올해 3%대 깜짝 성장률이 한여름 밤의 꿈으로 끝날 수 있다는 경고다. 장밋빛 전망의 전제가 흔들리는 만큼 정부는 재정 건전성 강화로 정책 기조를 바꾸고 기업은 초격차 기술혁신에 박차를 가해야 한다. 증시에 나타난 경보음에 즉각 반응해야 할 때다. 이제는 신발 끈을 다시 매야 한다.
This article was originally written in Korean and translated by a bilingual reporter with the help of generative AI tools. It was then edited by a native English-speaking editor. All AI-assisted translations are reviewed and refined by our newsroom.